Ever since Steve Jobs died last week, I've been thinking about what it means or why everyone is so convinced he was a brilliant executive.
Of course Jobs was a gifted, creative man. It's terrible when anyone with a family and thriving business is cut down in his fifties, and I was certainly saddened by news of his death, just as I was when he stepped down as Apple CEO in August. I've been a Mac loyalist for decades.

But just because I'm enamored of a brand, doesn't mean everything its creator did has now turned to gold. And with all that's been written about Jobs's legacy, I'm uncomfortable with the notion that business success is the most important measure of a human being's value to others.
"The world is immeasurably better because of Steve," Apple sighs—of course—but I see no major media outlets questioning this PR statement. Steven Levy, author of Insanely Great, his 1994 book about "The Life and Times of the Macintosh, the Computer that Changed Everything," even says in his recent Wired memorial that no one would ever "take issue" with it.
But I do. Much as I appreciate Levy's credible analysis of Jobs, especially in his nuanced look at the many forces that made this adoptee who he was, I'm not convinced Jobs was the "most adored and admired business executive on the planet, maybe in history."
In fact, he was a legendary horrible boss, famous for charming employees in the morning and screaming abuse at them in the afternoon. After a week of fond remembrances, it's refreshing to read this 2007 take by BNET's Geoffrey James in "Don't Tolerate Crazy Bosses":
"It’s childish, disgusting behavior and it's a disgrace that it's tolerated in the business world. Whenever I think of, say, Steve Jobs...behaving like a two-year-old at a meeting, I think of the Eminem video where a fast-food worker blows snot into other people’s food, a behavior that shows exactly the same level of maturity and self-respect."
Levy and many other commentators—including former managing editor of Time Walter Isaacson, whose authorized biography of Jobs is due out later this month, and Stanley Bing of Crazy Bosses fame—nod to the fact that he was an intense control freak who reamed out underlings. Yet, the tenor of all these memorials is that his genius excuses such behavior.
Does it? And if so, why? In mourning a complicated figure like Jobs, I'd like to examine what we're really celebrating here and what notions get reinforced: the value of individual creativity; the primacy of profit as an indication of success; the belief that without Apple products—or the Model T, for that matter—the world would otherwise have descended into the Dark Ages.
The Story of Jobs is a tale the business press loves to hype. His cocky rise and fall—and most, important—his rise again with the iPod and iPhone makes him a hero. His youthful swashbuckling, with its New Age twist of travels to India and psychedelia, makes him an even more perfect icon for the boomers who craft the current business narrative: We all love our products now, don't we? What matters is being a responsible consumer.
The thing is, I find comparisons of Jobs to Leonardo Da Vinci and Thomas Edison tough to swallow. Henry Ford, maybe, given that Ford's business success, much like Jobs's, was based on the idea of turning cars into commodities for everyone and a giant publicity machine.
Even so, Jobs was not an engineer or inventor. More than anything, he was an entrepeneur, a designer, and a master of branding—and for that reason, I'd compare him to Coco Chanel.
Like Jobs, Chanel created a signature brand that represents a complete aesthetic—her little black dress is not unlike Jobs's approach to "simplicity" in computer design—and her person became one with the brand. Like Jobs, Chanel spent years in exile, reviled as a Nazi sympathizer, but then returned to Paris, her brand blooming once more. (And like Jobs, she also lost her biological mother and father, growing up in an orphanage.)
I first thought of Chanel when I saw the black-and-white photo of young Jobs on Time's memorial cover—his arms crossed on top of the original Macintosh, which rests on his legs in the lotus position—black, white, gray; those angular, harmonious shapes.
Being compared to Coco Chanel is no small thing, yet I don't see anyone outside the fashion industry doing it. (Jobs's black turtlenecks have been called Chanel-inspired.) The fact that he's lauded as an inventor who will be remembered hundreds of years from now—compared only to male geniuses and executives—indicates some telling gaps in The Story of Jobs.
In the wake of all the media outpourings of grief, I've been most surprised by the number of my progressive friends, on Facebook and elsewhere, who have mourned Jobs publicly, retweeted his quotes, recalled their first Macintoshes.
Some of it is about brushing against our own mortality. Jobs was just a little older than I and many of my fellow Reed College alums—and as one of Reed's most famous dropouts, Jobs walked many of the same paths we did: My husband took that calligraphy class at Reed; I designed educational software in the mid-'80s for the Apple II; one friend of mine was a product-tester for the failed Lisa; other friends who commuted to Silicon Valley used to rave about spotting "sexy Steve" on the train.
I'll miss him, too, but not because he's the New Age version of Horatio Alger—and certainly not because I like the idea of mean bosses getting a pass. I appreciate him most as a creative guy who didn't accept the kind of conventional business wisdom that's now being peddled about him.
Of the many Jobs quotes I've seen this past week, here's my favorite, something he once told Steven Levy:
"I’m a big believer in boredom.... All the [technology] stuff is wonderful, but having nothing to do can be wonderful, too.”
Photo: "Steve Jobs at the WWDC 07," June 17, 2007, by Acaben; Creative Commons license.


Salon.com
Comments
Of course, I am naturally cynical of all business types, and was aware of the accusations that sagemerlin lists in his comment. I didn't know he had a habit of tearing into underlings.
Yes, he was a creative guy and he looked at things from a customer's perspective. But a hero or role model? I'm not so sure.
rated
The Apple products can take their place among the best-designed products on the planet. {My favorite anecdote about Steve Jobs: he wore a watch that was quite spendy (~$2K). Whenever someone admired it, he'd give it to them - he was always delighted when someone appreciated great design.}
I'm not part of his cult of personality, I came late to Apple products for some of the reasons that sagemerlin mentions, so I'm not an acolyte unthinkingly defending him. But what he accomplished goes beyond 'great' - it was tremendous, transforming whole industries as well as lives - music, animation, computing, cellular phones, etc.
Being brilliant and being a genius doesn't mean you're going to be a 100% nice person all of the time. Steve Jobs had his own style and his company tolerated it, as companies often do, because he was delivering the numbers. He certainly wasn't alone in sometimes behaving badly. I've seen an exec throw Coke cans at people's heads, I've seen one throw reports down on the ground and spit on them (really).
At the end of the day, if you work in a big corporation, you are measured by your performance. When that performance is as stellar as Steve's, smart people take the good with the bad. We do it in our personal lives all the time, it's somewhat silly to expect not to have to do it at work - especially in technology, where the lines between work and personal life are 100% permeable (I slept at the office last night).
Engineering isn't just about degrees. In the computer hardware industry, many of the people that had the most profound effect on the (r)evolution of computers in daily life do not have the degree - Gates, Dell, Waitt, Pfeiffer. For me this makes them *more* admirable, not less.
I've worked at 2 of the 5 biggest PC companies in the world, and there were many brilliant people in the engineering departments of these companies that didn't have the engineering degree. The engineers themselves didn't give a crap.
I don't agree that there are thousands of untapped Steve Jobs' out there and all they need is the money and freedom to do what he did. It's like saying "we could all be neurosurgeons, if we just had the skill". You can't discount the value of the ideas and the titanic effort it takes to bring them to market and succeed.
It is not 'just' about hiring good people who then make it happen for you. This isn't just true of technology - I worked at Anheuser-Busch during the days that the CEO August Busch III took the company from a 25% market share to 50% market share. He ousted his own father as CEO/Chairman and make tremendous changes in the way they marketed and distributed their product and presence. The company was full of smart, hardworking, creative people, but he was the driving force behind the success. When his son took the helm, with all the same smart talented people and huge bankroll, the company was gobbled up in a hostile takeover.
Steve Jobs deserves all of the accolades and comparisons to great inventors. And just as his brilliance doesn't mean he couldn't be a prick sometimes, being a prick sometimes doesn't mean he wasn't brilliant.
And I can't thank him enough for Pixar.
sorry for the huge long comment!
As to the question, it raises an interesting analysis. Jobs was clearly great. That is not to say that he was good, very good, always good, or that good and great exist on the same continuum. Lots of "greats" were also abominable in other aspects of their lives. Picasso was not the easiest guy to know. Henry Ford was an anti-semite. Caravaggio was a lunatic. You know the litany. They were all great in their own way. Jobs was also a prick to work for. So was Patton. Alexander the "Great" wasn't a nice boss. On a person to person level many "greats" have been people that you would rather not know. But the splash that they make in the big pong is how this should be measured. Can a "great" be great if they are also jerks? Yep. It is not an either or scenario. It is more of a both and.
But i got bloody mad when Da Vinci, my fellow florentine, was brought in and downgraded being compared to a guy with a one track mind...Leonardo the first of a handful of renaissance men!
what has the world indeed come to! btw, i have never used any of jobs' products for the real work that has changed the world (for better of for worse is of course debatable), but then my son just looks at me with a "dad, you did great, but....."
But i got bloody mad when Da Vinci, my fellow florentine, was brought in and downgraded being compared to a guy with a one track mind...Leonardo the first of a handful of renaissance men!
what has the world indeed come to! btw, i have never used any of jobs' products for the real work that has changed the world (for better of for worse is of course debatable), but then my son just looks at me with a "dad, you did great, but....."
and i'll add only a response to what you wrote, martha, in your comment:
"I'm not even sure Jobs completely changed the world, but I most heartily second the question of whether we like the world Gates, Jobs, and other high-tech boosters have wrought. And we shouldn't forget the offshore labor issues, the backdating of stock options, and all the other not-so-ethical practices Jobs the New Ager has managed to evade in his cool black turtleneck."
he did change the world, the world of PC only, DOS only, gates and dell only, and to the advantage of the users of computers for both work and play. i was a PCphile from the 'seventies until just a couple years ago when i switched both my business and personal computers to the iMac. and let me make it clear that i *love* the world that, in your words, the high-tech boosters have wrought. what i can accomplish from the comfort of my home office would have taken me tens if not hundreds of thousands of dollars in travel expenses and research assistants and **time** without the computing power and the related ability to access what is available at the click of my beautifully designed wireless mouse with the tiny white-on-white apple on it.
and steve jobs was cool, whether you like that or his turtleneck or not. and i applaud a guy who can be the unassailable success that he was, who insisted on excellence, who paid people well to come up with the most innovative, beautiful products out there. and, forgive me, but i like, even love, cool people.
here's a quote from a great article in the NYT last week:
"“Amidst the oceans of enforced mediocrity in the bland, deflavorized culture of managed-by-committee corporate behemoths,” the entrepreneur Perry Metzger posted on his Google+ page, Mr. Jobs “showed that the real path to excellence was excellence — that you could do great things by, who would have imagined, being smart and having excellent taste and not ever settling for second best.”
here's the link to the entire article: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/07/technology/steve-jobs-defended-his-work-with-a-barbed-tongue.html
he didn't coddle people who worked for him. he used straight, tough language so they would understand what was expected. the results speak for themselves. if that's what you or others title "a tyrant," then i say we need more of them.
Many years ago, my husband suggested that since I loved Macs so much that we buy some Apple stock. We had little money and Apple wasn't doing so well, so we didn't. Gosh, if only we had. Jobs took that sinking computer company and turned it into the most valuable corporation in the world. Quite a feat!
In any case, I am always weary of raising people to cult like status, but I nonetheless do believe that Jobs is at least worthy of most (if not all) of the hype credited to him in the last week.
Either way, loved your piece. Great writing!
Your piece reminds me of the New York Times columnist's article which claimed (one day after Fellini's death), that Fellini was NOT a game-changing master of his craft. Then Martin Scorsese ripped him a new anus in the Op Ed section a day later.
I'm just thrilled that people who normally spend their free time idiotically obsessed with random murder trials and sex scandals, took some time away from that garbage, to give thanks and even praise to Steve Jobs.
It's that his genius proved greater than his bad behavior.
Regardless, Martha Nichols point remains valid -- just because Jobs was an iconic figure and a compelling visionary does not somehow automatically make him the embodiment of every possible virtue.
It is disheartening when citizens of an ostensibly free republic deify celebrities. We can be the personifications of our own ideals -- we don't need an artificial aristocracy to do it for us.
When great musicians of my time passed away–Jerry Garcia, John Lennon, Jimi, Janis, Jim–only a proportion of the population felt affected and grieved. Same with Coco Chanel. Steve Job's art changed everybody's life, even yours. Whether Jobs was a nice man and a kind boss has nothing to do with world change. In fact, I would guess a lovely old visionary softie is an oxymoron.
but you're not alone see this excellent gawker article
another case study is Gates, who had legendary tirades against his employees, but these CEO bullies manage to keep a lid on their "dark side". with the help of the media. yeah, Levy is a hagriographer. its so common it has its own word for it. its an ancient game. the bloody tyrant kings all did the same thing.
I do know that many geniuses are not nice people, and I don't want them to stop being geniuses. What concerns me most here is not Jobs himself, but the way his life has been shaped to reflect a particular version of success that serves American business interests. If you believe that turning around Apple is the ultimate achievement, then Jobs is the ultimate genius and executive. But I happen to believe that other kinds of achievements matter, too.
As for Jobs the bully, I'm not basing that on the BNET piece. That was always the scuttlebutt going back to the '80s in Silicon Valley, and I remember consultants talking about it when I worked at HBR in the early '90s. Stanley Bing talked about it in Fortune when his Crazy Bosses was reissued in 2007. I believe Time's online piece about coverage over the years in that magazine describes him in unflattering terms several places. When he was kicked out of Apple, the business press was all over him as a pain to work with.
He wasn't famous, not even among "techies" but he did more for the computing industry than Steve Jobs ever did.
He was the main inventer of the C programming language, and co-inventer of UNIX.
This may sound like gibberish to most people, but both of these technologies are what made Apple possible. One of Steve Jobs former gigs, "NeXT" was a unix platform, which Mr. Jobbs carried over into Apple with OSX.
Nearly every operating system in existence has some UNIX conventions, yes, even windows. (and certainly the interface, originally brought to us by Xerox, was implemented on a UNIX platform)
It's sad that Steve Jobs and the like get all the credit, when the real innovators remain for the most part unknown... but then I suppose, being a private sort of man, Dennis Ritchie might have wanted it that way.
I write as a Mac user since 1984, a Mac booster to all my friends, a writer of commercial Mac programs to emulate a teleprompter and software to handle a medical office billings (surprisingly complex), s recipient of a telephone call and many Emails from Steve Jobs, etc.
Nonetheless, I was essentially swindled by the expensive Lisa, dismayed by Apple's banning of books from the Wiley publishing house because it released a non-hagiographic Jobs biography, outraged by Jobs' attempts to stifle bloggers who speculated on forthcoming Apple products, and most recently thoroughly disheartened by Apple's puerile, foolish, ignorant censorship/suppression of sharp political commentary (idiotically called "defamatory") and mildly risque (or even totally innocent!) material mislabeled as"porn" (as if those ill-educated Cupertino nerds, including the sainted Jobs, who once told me he had never read any George Bernard Shaw, were fearful of the word "pornography"). Give due its due, but not the world, please !
But for those of you who think the world is not a better place for all the technology - you just go and imagine college without some form of personal computer. Remember handwritten research papers? Picking out mathematical formulas on a typewriter? If you don't remember from personal experience - I'll tell you for sure. You don't want to go back there.
"The last time I spoke to the late Steve Jobs, he was screaming at me over the phone, "I'm not a failure! I'm not a failure!" His shouts got so loud, I put him on speakerphone so that my editor could hear him.
With Apple among the most valuable companies in the world because of its immensely popular products, the notion of Jobs as a failure seems ridiculous. But less than 20 years ago, in the mid-1990s, when Jobs was struggling to keep his forgettable NeXT computer company afloat, the idea of him failing—the possibility I'd raised in The Wall Street Journal that spurred his furious phone call—terrified him."
G. Pascal Zachary / October 2011
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=1565&do=blog&id=493988
I don't know. It's a little endearing.
It reminds me of old Scrooge talking to Marley's ghost . . . "you were always a good man of business . . . ." I guess it just depends on what you're looking for.
Nerd C -- I don't want to give them impression that I'm a computer luddite, because I'm not. In fact, I love the technology that allows for online publishing. The world has changed, yes -- but my point is that we didn't need Steve Jobs to get to where we are now, although maybe our phones and MP3 players wouldn't look so pretty.
And this new world does raise troubling questions about how we communicate and connect with one another. The booster articles that mourn Jobs raise a lot of red flags for me, because they assume these questions no longer have relevance. And they very neatly shove under the rug Apple's less-than-sterling business practices while Jobs was in charge.
The business press loves to elevate certain titans to public hero status because it makes for a good story. The complications in Jobs's character and behavior also make for a good story, but it's not a simple story of One Genius Conquering the World. I prefer to remember Jobs as a creative, complicated character who grew and changed over time, as most of us do.
2. He was an even more brilliant marketer.
3. I really like my iPod. I can't see paying twice as much or more for a Macbook when my cheapie PC laptop runs internet, word processing, and hobbyist-level picture and movie editing software just fine.
4. He was, by all reports, personally more than a bit of an asshole.
5. He gave graduation speeches that would be completely unremembered and unremarkable were he someone no one had ever heard of.
6. Pixar movies were almost always great movies because they had great scripts and great voice acting, NOT because of their computer animation. That, while gorgeous, is not enough by a long shot to carry those movies. Given the script for "Toy Story" and the talents of Tom Hanks and Tim Allen et. al., Walt Disney could have made an equally great movie using nothing more than the animation technology available in 1939.
7. He wasn't God.
I think you are putting words in people's mouths. Most of the praise for Jobs that I've seen isn't his turning around Apple for the sake of a Cinderella Corporation story. It's about his visionary skills, not only in assessing and acting on what people needed/wanted next (unbeknown even to themselves), but his prior, original work with Apple to begin with, his integrating what was essentially the liberal arts into a business machine that perhaps not one of us commenting here would otherwise have been using had things developed along the trajectory they were on.
The second part of that quotation above, the "But I happen to believe that other kinds of achievements matter, too," just feels silly to me. Just because people profusely praise someone who dies or does something exceptional does not mean that they do not value other things that other people do and that this person did not do. It would be different if people were specifically praising Jobs for stuff he didn't do. But they are not. They are praising him for stuff he did. Well.
First, Jobs is a lousy role model for CEOs, although he's constantly being held out as one. His good qualities are difficult to imitate, as evidenced by how few CEOs can command a stage the way he did. Any jackass can imitate his bad qualities and my CEOs do.
Second, Jobs never spoke out about the outsourcing of high tech supply chains in China, which involves (if you dig deep enough) slave labor, child labor and massive environmental degradation. Jobs, alone of high tech CEOs, could have made the case for full auditing of the supply chain and "outed" the industry for depending upon exploitation and fascist thug enforcers (i.e. regional Chinese government bureaucrats) to maintain low prices.
Instead, Jobs supported the status quo, even though he undoubtedly knew that there were and are massive abuses in Apple's (and everyone else's) supply chain.
By the way, the time I met Jobs personally and spoke to him one-on-one (we were both speakers at a Seybold Seminars conference in the late 80's) he was quite friendly and personable. I'm sorry extremely sorry he's dead but, frankly, the hero worship that's been unleashed by his death makes me a little sick.
And Geoffrey James is quite right that Jobs is a lousy model for a CEO. His brilliance offset much of what was also a liability for Apple. He was a fascinating and creative guy, but since when is it not okay to question the behavior of a top executive? Once somebody like Jobs reaches the kind of cult status he has, it's even more important to question why.
Don't get me wrong. Jobs was a brilliant man, and a damn good CEO. Just ask his shareholders.
But a little perspective is in order.
Thomas Edison invented the light bulb and was instrumental in the distribution of electricity to power it.
So what's more important? Being able to actually do things after the sun went down or being able to carry around all of your music in a hunk of plastic and metal?
Perspective, people!
To my knowledge, no one has said that we "would not have" personal computers were it not for Jobs. Jobs certainly never said that. Also, to my knowledge, no one has said that there were no other visionaries in Silicon Valley. And to my knowledge, no one has said that Jobs was the greatest, sweetest teddy bear to every live. Your criticisms of the man seem to argue against testimonials that do not exist.
No one meets, nor will anyone ever meet, the definition of "greatness" that you appear to be operating from. (To be fair, you have not offered an alternate definition other than to say that he was a mean boss.) Jobs is dead and gone now. If I could hazard a guess, I'd say he is in ashes somewhere. Whether he is or was "great" means nothing to him. What does remain is, were his accomplishments or contributions valuable, highly valuable, or great. I own a great number of Apple products. I think the products are superior. I think whoever the person or team was that conceived these products achieved brilliance. In every single case, laptop, desktop, software, router, and cell phone, each item is so superior to all competitors that purchasing the competitors is a practical joke that the consumer plays upon himself. I'm nearly 50, and I have never seen mass market products which so supremely outpace their competition. The products are superior. This is not hyperbole. Any person or group of people who manage to accomplish such a leap forward in any area of endeavor is great. We benefit from it, even if we immediately begin to take it for granted. All that said, that does not mean he was a great human being in a humanitarian sense. That is confusing the issue somewhat.
60 years ago today, "I Love Lucy" was created. This was great for at least one reason, and possibly many more. It is not that Lucy, Ricky, Fred, or Ethel were great, but the fact that it was the first sitcom filmed in California, and actually filmed. Re-runs could not exist before this method because they were all live. This simple change made for an enormous difference in how we view and sell television. Like them or not, they were great. What remains is the ability to discern good from ordinary. What remains is the ability to discern the difference between very good, excellent, or great from mean or annoying. What remains is not Jobs himself, but true fidelity to good reason and sensibility. You owe it to yourself to recognize that Jobs contributions were great.
Apple, under Jobs' guidance, has changed the world five, six, or seven times, depending on how you count things. Were it not for his vision, we would have been at the mercy of the worst technology on earth at the hands of Bill Gates, Michael Dell, and the rest of the "businessmen."
You have NO idea what Siri is going to do for disabled people - it is a revolutionary technology. You do not consider the tools that Jobs/Apple have given to artists over the past twenty years or so ... incredible stuff none of us could have had access to without big corporate backing/resources in the past.
Judging by all the negativity here in the comments, I believe there is new kind of redneck in the world, cloaked in political-correctness and proud of his/her ignorance. I am reminded of the proverb "Cast not ye your pearls before swine," all of whom seem to be commenting here.
Although I am not much of an Apple man these days but loved my first Apple Mac, I think you have encapsulated the man's flawed personality exactly.
My perception (down under in Australia) comes from John Sculley's book "from Pepsi to Apple", in which he described how his friend Steve Jobs enticed him to come to Apple as CEO to help grow the languishing company, but was quite unwilling to comply with Sculley's efforts to bring discipline and professional marketing management to Apple, at least where he personally was concerned.
Further proof of Job's flawed character is that he blamed Sculley for being demoted by Apple's Board after he tried to oust Sculley and he subsequently carried on a life-long grudge.
When Apple bought Job's new company and re-installed him as interim CEO he implemented similar marketing and management techniques as did Sculley in the 1980s (closing down departments which were unlikely to succeed), but it never occurred to him that he had learnt these skills from Sculley.
Jobs was a brilliant but very flawed, egotistical individual, may he rest in peace.
Yes, there are fools who don't get that Jobs founded Apple who created computers for non technical people... artists, poets, writers and basically the creative community.
Yes, there are fools who repeat the tired and foolish mantra that Apple costs 40% more than other computers. Guess what. A Mercedes costs more than a Chevy but drive a Mercedes SL and you will see why it costs $125k.
Yes, there are fools who don't understand how Jobs changed music. Itunes and the array of Ipods that allow us to carry thousands of our favorite songs on devices so small we can jog with them.
Yes, there are fools who don't understand the Ipad or Iphone and how these devices add to our lives.
Was Steve Jobs a saint? Did he act tyrannical? Probably. But Bill Gates is famous for saying to employees: "that's that dumbest idea I've ever heard" so perhaps its a digital thing.
But Steve Jobs WAS insanely great. He made my life better via his work. And for the small minds out there that can't understand that Jobs was the force behind these creations. Apple was 90 days from bankruptcy when he returned and saved the company.
A saint? No. A insanely great creative mind. Certainly.
No let the little minds go back to throwing stones. It makes them feel important.
Here, I thought, was your key point: " I'm uncomfortable with the notion that business success is the most important measure of a human being's value to others."
Me too. I've never been able to see how anyone can believe that. Business success isn't about benefitting others. It's about benefitting the business. If changing, transforming or even revolutionizing society is a by-product, that's great. But don't ask me to believe that anything Jobs did in any of the arenas he lived in he did for me. Unless I was a stockholder.
It also seems to me that the question to be asked of such titans of industry as Jobs was is were they able to be of value to people despite their prominence. I suspect only his familiy will ever be able to determine the true answer to that question. Great wealth and celebrity are, it seems to me, the greatest stumbling blocks to leading a valuable life. To anywho doubts that assessment, I have a single word to say: "Rosebud."
I have no particular interest in or knowledge of Jobs.
That's not to deny that he was amazingly creative and a great business strategist (well, not always a great strategist, but he did have the guts to take big risks). But I think we have to be very clear-eyed about who controls the rhetoric of "greatness" in mainstream media.
Since John D. Rockefeller started throwing money at corporate communications to turn around the PR disaster of Standard Oil, business interests have had a growing role in shaping and massaging popular attitudes and culture.